December 2001 Newsletter

I had a good response on the article about buying and selling on auctions last month and I will place more in-depth articles on auctions in the months to come. I wish all my friends a blessed Christmas and hope you have a swell time with your family and friends.

    This month we look at 

  • Driving traffic to your site without spending thousands. The article is very lengthy, but I seriously recommend you read it and implement the ideas, they work. If you do not have a website you can just skip this article and page down to the next article

  • How to grow your own crystals

  • Lastly we have our regular Silver Hills Mineral Gallery updates page for the month of November 2001.

    Be blessed as you read this newsletter.

    Gerdus

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KMF Rocks - The website that you are now on.

Driving people to your website without spending thousands

How would you like some traffic? How about some cheap

targeted traffic?  No problem.

    The pay-per-click search engines are exactly what you need

    to INJECT YOUR WEB SITE WITH A FRESH STREAM OF TARGETED 

    POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS -- people who are actively searching 

    for what you're offering -- without the typical expenses 

    and risks associated with many other forms of online 

    advertising.  

A QUICK OVERVIEW:

    Pay-per-click search engines are much like auctions -- they

    allow you to bid for top-ranking positions under keywords of 

    your choice.  

    For each visitor who searches the keyword(s) you rank under

    and then clicks through to your web site, you pay whatever 

    you bid.  Prices typically range from 1 cent to numerous 

    dollars per click-through for popular keywords.

    And this means that there are THREE KEY ADVANTAGES to 

    bidding on keywords in the pay-per-click search engines:

 

  1) YOU ONLY EVER PAY FOR ADVERTISING THAT WORKS because 

     you only pay when someone actually clicks through to 

     your web site. This means that pay-per-click search

     engines can be a cheap way to draw targeted traffic to

     your web site.

 

  2) Pay-per-click search engines will LIST YOUR SITE WITHIN

     AS LITTLE AS A COUPLE OF HOURS -- a couple of days at 

     most. So rather than waiting weeks, even months, for 

     your web site to be listed like you will with many of 

     the other search engines, you can start profiting from

     the increased traffic and sales almost immediately! 

 

  3) All you need to do to BE RANKED IN A #1 SPOT is outbid 

     the other sites.  It's a pretty straightforward process 

     compared to achieving and maintaining a top ranking 

     position in the "regular" search engines.

 

      Obviously, the pay-per-click search engines are a powerful 

      opportunity to increase your web site traffic for little 

      cost.  The trick, though, is making certain that you choose 

      your maximum bids based on the monetary value of one 

      visitor to your web site.  

      And this is where a lot of people get confused or make 

      costly mistakes...  They either abandon bidding in the 

      pay-per-click engines because it seems too confusing, or 

      they bid more than a visitor is actually worth to their 

      site, losing money on their advertising! 

STRATEGIES FOR MAXIMUM PAY-PER-CLICK SUCCESS:

    In the following article, I'm going to lead you through a 

    simple step-by-step process that will show you how to 

    collect the numbers you need to calculate the value of a 

    visitor to your web site -- using a special three part 

    formula -- and how to use this information to purchase 

    targeted advertising in the pay-per-click search engines.

 

STEP #1: COMPILE A LIST OF KEY STATISTICS 

    Before you'll be able to start calculating the worth of your 

    visitors and what you can afford to pay for advertising, 

    you'll need some key figures; chiefly total number of sales, 

    gross revenue, total expenses, and unique visitors for a set 

    period of time.

a) TOTAL NUMBER OF SALES:  

    This figure is easy to calculate -- you probably keep a 

    close eye on your sales totals anyway. Just add up the 

    number of sales you have made over a set period of time.  

For example, this month you may have sold 73 widgets. So

your total number of sales equals 73. 

 

b) GROSS REVENUE: 

    Here's another figure that you probably already have at 

    your fingertips. After all, what business owner doesn't 

    keep track of their gross revenue?  

     

    If you sold 73 widgets for $10 each this month, your gross 

    revenue would be $730. 

 

c) TOTAL EXPENSES: 

    This is an important figure that many new business owners

    neglect because, honestly, it's just more fun to calculate 

    gross revenue. 

    However, until you know your total expenses, you won't be

    able to accurately calculate your net revenue -- your "in 

    the pocket" profits!   

    To guarantee that your business always generates a profit, 

    your gross revenue should always be greater than your total

    expenses. 

    So sit down and start adding up all of the expenses that 

    you deal with to produce, package, and deliver your product

    or service.  This figure should also include all of your 

    operating costs for a set period of time. 

 

d) UNIQUE VISITORS: 

    Frequently confused with "hits" (which refers to the number

    of times each file that makes up a particular web page has 

    been requested from your web host's server), "unique 

    visitors" refers to the number of different people who 

    visited your site. And it's the most important measure of 

    web site traffic hands down! 

    To calculate the number of unique visitors to your web site, 

    you'll need to contact your web host to get your server logs.

    (For those of you who don't know what a "server log" is, it's 

    simply a file that records each time someone requests one of 

    your web pages and the files associated with it -- and IT'S 

LITERALLY A GOLD MINE OF DATA!)  

    Your web host should be able to provide you with your 

    server logs.  In fact, they may already have log analysis

    software that will convert your server logs into easy-to-

    read reports, graphs, and charts.  

 

  WARNING!  If you decide to research and test log analysis

  software, be careful to look for those that offer "unique

  visitors" as part of their reports, not just "user 

  sessions."  One visitor may return to your site numerous 

  times (user sessions), so to be certain your calculations

  are accurate, you must know "unique visitors." 

 

      STEP #2: CALCULATE THE VALUE OF A VISITOR TO YOUR WEB SITE.

        Once, you've collected the statistics and figures you need, 

        doing the actual calculations is the easy part.  Simply 

        plug the numbers into the following 3 SIMPLE FORMULAS:  

      a) CONVERSION RATE:  Figure out how many unique visitors you

         need to close one sale. 

         Unique Visitors / Total Number of Sales = Conversion Rate

         EXAMPLE:  If over the month of November, you calculate 

         that your web site received 4,298 unique visitors, and 

         you sold 35 widgets, your equation would look like this: 

         4,298 Unique Visitors / 35 Sales 

         = 122.8 Unique Visitors Per Sale

         So in this case, your conversion rate would equal 122.8, 

         which means that you typically close 1 sale for every 

         122.8 visitors to your site.  

      b) NET PROFIT PER SALE:  Figure out how much profit you 

         earn on a single sale.

         Gross Revenue - Total Expenses / Total Number of Sales 

         = Net Profit Per Sale

         EXAMPLE:  If over the month of November, you sold 35 

         widgets for $97 each, your gross revenue would be $3,395

         (35 X $97). And let's say you calculated your total 

         expenses (production, packaging, web host fees, etc...)

         for the month of November to be $2,537.  

        

         This means that:

         $3,395 Gross Revenue - $2,537 Total Expenses / 35 Sales

         = $24.51 Net Profit Per Sale

         In this example, your Net Profit Per Sale would be 

         $24.51. This is "in your pocket, after expenses, you can

         bank it" profits.

      c) VISITOR WORTH:  Figure out how much a single visitor is 

         worth to you.

         Net Profit Per Sale / Conversion Rate = Visitor Worth

         EXAMPLE: This is the easy part. Just take the Net Profit

         Per Sale that we calculated in part b ($24.51) and divide

         it by the Conversion Rate that we calculated in part a.

         $24.51 Net Profit Per Sale / 122.8 Conversion Rate 

         = $0.1995 or $0.20

         So in this example, each visitor to your web site is 

         worth $0.20.  (Not to be confused with the value of a 

         customer, which is $24.51!)  This means that you can 

         afford to pay as much as $0.20 to attract one new 

         visitor to your web site without losing money.

 

      STEP #3: PUT YOURSELF IN FRONT OF YOUR BEST POTENTIAL 

               CUSTOMERS. 

      Okay!  You're almost ready to put your newfound knowledge 

      to profitable use and start buying targeted traffic in the 

      pay-per-click search engines. I say almost because there is

      ONE MORE IMPORTANT STEP you may need to take...

      Do you know who your target market is?  Do you have an 

      accurate profile of the folks who are purchasing from your 

      web site?  And do you know what keywords they're searching 

      to find your web site?  

      If you're not sure, then I'm afraid you'll need to do a bit 

      more homework before you start purchasing traffic because 

      until you know who your customers are and what keywords 

      they're using to find your web site, you risk wasting money 

      on unqualified traffic. 

      The best way to learn who your customers are and why they 

      bought your product is by speaking with them directly. Get 

      on the phone, do an e-mail survey, offer a free gift for 

      feedback... whatever it takes!   

      The more you know about the people who have already bought 

      from you, the easier it will be to TARGET NEW CUSTOMERS.

      However, another way you can figure out which keywords your

      target market prefers is by using WordTracker

      (http://www.marketingtips.com/wordtracker), an online tool 

      that collects the search results from 24 major search engines

      and compiles them into a database which is constantly being 

      updated.

      With WordTracker, you can simply type in your keyword or 

      key phrase, and it will return a list of related keywords 

      and phrases.  This is a really useful feature because it 

      will often produce keyword combinations that you may not 

      have thought of! 

 

        STEP #4: USE THIS INFORMATION TO PURCHASE TRAFFIC IN THE

                 PAY-PER-CLICK SEARCH ENGINES. 

        Now that you know the keywords and phrases that your best 

        potential customers are typing into the search engines, and 

        you know the worth of one visitor to your web site, you're 

        ready to start purchasing traffic.

        You can start bidding on the targeted keywords and phrases 

        that you've researched based on what one visitor to your 

        web site is worth.  

        In the earlier example, a single visitor to your site was 

        worth 20 cents.  So you could afford to bid as much as 20 

        cents per visitor in the pay-per-click search engines 

        without losing money.  

        Now of course, you'd probably want to bid significantly 

        less than that, because you'll want to still turn a profit.

        But if you were to bid 7 cents per visitor, and it took 

        122.8 visitors to close a sale, YOUR PROFITS WOULD STILL

        BE QUITE SUBSTANTIAL:

          (20 cents profit per visitor - 7 cents advertising cost 

           per visitor) X 122.8 visitors to close the sale 

           = $15.96 Total Net Profit Per Sale

         

        Sure, your net profits drop a bit when you pay for 

        advertising, rather than rely on free sources of traffic. 

        However, you need to remember that YOUR TOTAL SALES VOLUME

        IS GOING TO GO UP -- perhaps considerably -- as long as you 

        purchase targeted traffic!  And that means more cash in 

        your pocket at the end of the day! 

         

        PAY-PER-CLICK SEARCH ENGINES:  

        The pay-per-click search engines that you choose to buy 

        traffic from will depend on your budget.  

        Overture.com (formerly GoTo.com) is still the granddaddy of

        the pay-per-click search engines, but its popularity has 

        driven up the cost of advertising there.  

        Minimum bids now start at 5 cents per visitor, there's a 

        set-up fee of $50 (though it's applied to your click-

        throughs), and there's a monthly minimum of $20.

        Of course, with that said, if you can afford Overture, it's 

        still the best choice for driving targeted traffic to your 

        site.  

        You're likely to GET A HIGHER VOLUME OF TRAFFIC FASTER than

        with any of the others. Plus, if your site is listed among 

        the top 3 under any particular keyword, you can expect your

        site listing to appear in AOL, Lycos, and AltaVista 

        searches, too. 

        Other good choices for purchasing traffic include: 

          FindWhat -- http://www.findwhat.com 

          7Search -- http://www.7search.com 

          Kanoodle -- http://www.kanoodle.com 

          Bay 9 -- http://www.bay9.com 

          GoClick -- http://www.goclick.com 

          ePilot -- http://www.epilot.com 

          SearchGalore -- http://www.searchgalore.com

         

        From this list, I would recommend purchasing traffic from 

        FindWhat first because this is one of the faster-growing, 

        better-known pay-per-click engines.  But all of the above 

        should prove to be... 

            Good sources of cheap, targeted traffic!    

        In the less popular pay-per-click engines, you can still 

        purchase listings for as little as one cent per visitor. 

        And remember that while you may not receive high volumes 

        of traffic from any one in particular, because you only ever 

        pay for actual click-throughs to your site, YOU NEVER LOSE

        MONEY!   

        FINAL THOUGHTS: 

        Without a doubt, purchasing traffic from the pay-per-click 

        search engines is one of the most profitable, most effective 

        ways to drive targeted traffic to your web site.  

        As long as you always base your keyword bids on the value 

        of one visitor to your web site, you can BE CONFIDENT THAT

        YOUR ADVERTISING WILL ALWAYS BE PROFITABLE.   

        If you're new to Web statistics, you'll want to base your 

        initial advertising budget on the costs of acquiring a 

        first-time customer.  Over time, however, you'll be able 

        to calculate the value of your lifetime customers, and use 

        these figures to consider purchasing higher volumes of 

        advertising.  

        To ensure you remain profitable, though, and until you're 

        comfortable accurately calculating these statistics, you 

        should focus on purchasing your advertising based on the 

        value of your first-time customers.   

        Remember:  Don't GUESS!  Base your advertising budget on 

        tangible statistics -- not your predictions of what your site 

        might earn in the future!  

How to grow your own crystals.

      CAN MAN EMULATE nature when it comes to producing crystal formations?  I think this question has been asked many times, particularly after one has visited a "mineral show" and seen the beautiful specimens that have been recovered from the earth. I have found that growing crystals can be interesting and it can be a very satisfying hobby, easily practiced at home with very little apparatus needed to make a start.

      It is well known that synthetic crystals can be made in laboratories using complex equipment and maintaining strict control over pressures, temperatures and time. Examples of these man-made "gems" have been on the market for many years in the jewelry trade, beside the use as an adornment, synthetics are used industrially in transistor radios, lasers and computers as well as balance bearings.

      Unfortunately man-made gems cost quite a lot, but it is quite understandable when pressures of approximately one million kilograms per six square centimeters at temperatures in the region of 3 000 degrees C. are used to make man-made diamonds. Quite a number of laboratory-made gems are used in industry today: rubies, sapphires and emeralds are well known. Others, which have been used to produce gems, are synthetic niobate, lithium, scheelite, and lithium aluminum garnet and yttrium aluminum garnet. Quartz has been produced for use as piezo-electric crystals as have silicon and germanium crystals, it is also known that triglycine crystals have been grown for use in pyro-electric image tubes.

      An interesting note here is that astronauts intend growing crystals in a space laboratory whilst in orbital flight around on earth. We, in South Africa have a vast amount of natural mineral specimens, which adorn our showcases and window pelmets, but it is known that a great variety of interesting crystals can be grown from chemical compounds (these are referred to as salts), which are soluble in water.

      I intend to present to the reader of this article information on growing crystals from salts in a language that the average hobbyist will readily understand. To start I think a little background on solutions will help when one starts to grow crystals.

      Solutions can present puzzling problems. The fact that some salts are soluble in water whilst others are not is one of them. Then the puzzle of super saturation arises. This must be understood, as you will make constant use of super saturation when you grow crystals. Water will only dissolve a given amount of salt and when this amount of water will accept no more salt it is said to be "saturated" with the salt; when it contains less it is "unsaturated" but when it contains more it becomes "supersaturated".

      To help you understand this, try dissolving sugar in a cup of water. You can add teaspoon after teaspoon of sugar until at last you will find that some will remain at the bottom of the cup. The water is now considered to be saturated at that particular temperature. Now you will have noticed that I have brought a second item into the picture which has a governing influence on solubility, this being temperature. Most of the salts you will use will dissolve more readily and in larger quantities as you increase the temperature of the water. This fact we use when growing crystals and one can put these facts onto graph paper and produce what are called "solubility graphs".

      These graphs will help you to determine when your solution is ready for you to start growing your crystal, more so in our country as temperatures tend to change quite quickly. This I discovered when growing crystals of ferric ammonium sulphate. One evening I had a large crystal forming and I was very pleased, but during a check the following lunchtime the crystal was very much smaller. Then that same evenings check showed that the crystal was growing again. This shows the necessity to try and keep a constant temperature in the room you are using. It also shows the higher the solution's temperature, the less saturated it becomes, as long as it contains only the original amount of salt..

      Now to the actual practice of growing. Firstly,  a few notes of the do's and dont's.

      a)All chemicals should be handled with great care.

      b)Never taste chemicals

      c)Never smell chemicals.

      d)Keep your chemicals away from foodstuffs and preferably keep them locked away, but don't forget to put the key out of the way of tiny hands.

      e)If available, wear rubber gloves.

      f)If no gloves are available, wash your hands regularly.

      g)Never mix your chemicals unless you know what you are doing.

    The equipment you will require is inexpensive and below is a list of simple items you will need.

      1.Plastic teaspoons.

      2.Shallow dishes (an old saucer is ideal).

      3.Glass jars   some with lids.

      4.Plastic cups   the type that contain yogurt).

      5.Paper tissues (toilet roll is equally as good what would rock hounds and hobbyists do without these?).

      6.Rubber gloves or plenty of soap and water.

      7.Reel of cotton, preferably monofilament.

      8.Twigs or thin sticks.

      9.Thermometer.

      Now you have to decide where at home you are going to do your growing. Select a room, which keeps a reasonably constant temperature. Your table or bench can be covered with an old blanket or piece of felt, this aids in the reduction of vibrations which can affect the growth of single crystals; it also serves as thermal insulation. Our room is now ready with its items of equipment and we understand about solubility at different temperatures.

      • At home we have a choice of using two methods of growing crystals. In both we suspend a seed crystal by a thread in a consol jar containing the solution. In one, "the sealed" method, the solution is supersaturated and the jar sealed to prevent the water evaporating. These seeds will grow as excess salt in the solution- slowly crystallizes on it. This method is fairly quick in producing a crystal.

      • The other method is known as "the evaporation" method. You start with a saturated solution and allow it to evaporate slowly. This jar is left unsealed but covered with a piece of cloth. This reduces the rate of evaporation and keeps out dust which acts as nuclei and so produces unwanted crystals. As the water evaporates the solution slowly becomes supersaturated and the seed grows.

       It does not matter which method you use, as the first step is to make a solution that will be saturated at a temperature at which you wish to grow your crystals. A fluctuation of about 2 degrees centigrade is the maximum you can allow. Changes in temperature do change the degree of super saturation, so you will have to find a room where the temperature is fairly constant. With temperature fluctuations you will get crystals forming at the bottom of your jar but your seed will simply disappear. Some salts are more susceptible to temperature change than others.

      The better method of preparing a saturated solution is to let the solution deposit its excess salt. The crystals at the bottom of the jar will take out solid from the liquid so leaving the solution around them less dense than the rest of it. This less dense solution rises to the top of the jar and the more concentrated solution takes its place. Thus the solution tends to stir itself. You can help by stirring or lightly shaking the solution.

      By using the quantities given later on you should be able to grow crystals. The water should be measured as accurately as possible. By heating the mixture of salt and water to about 50 degrees C, you will find that the excess salt will deposit itself on the bottom of your jar. If it does not, drop a little of the crystalline powder you started with into the solution. This usually helps to take out the excess salt. Check about twice a day and when it appears that the crystal mass at the bottom of your jar has stopped growing, and then your solution should be saturated. If the temperature does fluctuate, try putting your jar into a bowl of water. This will help to reduce the temperature fluctuations of the immersed jar.

      You should now pour off the saturated solution into another clean jar and seal, this will prevent the solution becoming supersaturated. Now you have to produce a suitable seed to add to your liquid. This is easily done. Either you find a fragment of the solid from your supply of salt or you evaporate a small quantity of the liquid in a small dish.

      The other method of growing is the quickest and perhaps the most useful. This method "the super saturation method" will however produce results you don't want if you are a purist and only want single crystals every time. I find that this method gives me very spectacular results which never fail to bring out "Oohs" and "Aahs" from friends who don't believe that crystals can be grown.

      Using this seed, you suspend it on the end of a thin thread and hang it in your jar of saturated solution. In this way large crystals can be grown. You will have to turn your crystals around now and again; as the top surface does not usually take on the shape of a clear cut crystal but is rather rounded. Cover your jar with a thin cloth to prevent dust particles entering but still allowing the solution to evaporate slowly. I have managed to grow large crystals of ferric ammonium sulphate and copper sulphate by this suspension method.

      To start with you add more salt to your original saturated solution and dissolve this by raising the temperature. Now the solution is unstable and the introduction of a seed will cause excess salt to be deposited. The seed grows as this excess salt slowly crystallizes on it as the temperature of the solution falls.

      This last method can be tried by sealing the jar as soon as you have suspended the seed. This prevents evaporation and you may grow large crystals this way. Again you can just suspend your seed in the warm solution and cover with a cloth. This way you will get many smaller crystals grouped as a beautiful mass of needles, which will make dramatic display pieces.

      Now that you have your crystals you should ensure that they are thoroughly dry. Then spray them with a suitable clear plastic and mount them in a prepared plastic box.

      Bibliography

      Growing Crystals from Solution by Tomas G. Petror, Evgenii N. Treivus and Aleksei P. Kasatkin.

      Growing Crystals with Rotary Crystallizer by Alan Holden and Robert H. Thompson.

      Another book which should be on every grower 5 bookshelf is: Crystals and Crystal Growing by Alan Holden and Phyllis Singer.

      I have refrained from giving any standard recipes as they would not compare with the step by step formulae in a cook book. You will find  it necessary to fill in a number of blanks in the information, given below, by your own experience and experiments. As I have already mentioned temperature is vital and to some extent altitude will hinder you in your projects. What is a good recipe for Johannesburg will not be so good for Pretoria or Durban.

      I can, however, give some idea of what proportions to use when growing some of the easier substances:

    • Aluminium potassium sulphate KA(S04)2

      This dodecahydrate is colourless and of the cubic system. This alum is perhaps the easiest to grow but if grown too quickly will look milky. You will need about 25 grams of salt to 100 ml of water.

    • Potassium chromium sulphate KCr(S04)2 12H20 Purple and cubic.

      Here you will require about 65 grams of salt to 100 ml of water. However this salt when dissolved produces a solution so dark that you cannot see what is happening. So that you can use this stock solution, pour some of it into a solution of aluminium potassium sulphate and you get any desired colour you require. Finally, enough of my best crystals to date are of the pure "chrome alum".

    • Sodium chlorate NaCIO3 Colorless and cubic.

      This salt, using the ratio of 115 grams to 100 ml water will produce crystals, which possess the optical property of rotating the plane of polarized light.

    • Potassium sodium tartrate KNaC4H4O6. 4H20

      Rochelle salt colorless and orthorhombic. Crystals made of this chemical in the ratio of 135 grams to 100 ml water produces an orthorhombic crystal which will give under certain conditions a piezo electric effect. This salts solubility varies greatly with temperature change.

    • Potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6

      Red and monoclinic.

      Here one can grow crystals from a solution of 95 grams salt to 200 ml water. This salt is another one whose solubility is greatly affected by temperature change.

      Crystals of metal can be grown in a test tube. Put a drop of mercury into a solution of 0,5 grams of silver nitrate in 20 ml of water. Some of the mercury will go into solution thus liberating metallic silver; this will combine with the remaining mercury forming a crystalline alloy. These blade-like crystals will continue to grow for a few days.

      Enjoy growing your own crystals, send me some pictures.

UPDATES for the month of November and December 2001